American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) Certification Practice Exam

Leflunomide is approved primarily for the treatment of which condition?

1. Psoriasis

2. Rheumatoid arthritis

3. Gout

4. Osteoarthritis

The correct answer is: Rheumatoid arthritis

Leflunomide is primarily approved for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis due to its mechanism of action as a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD). It works by inhibiting the synthesis of pyrimidine, which in turn suppresses the proliferation of activated lymphocytes and reduces inflammation. This is particularly beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis, where the immune system attacks joint tissues, leading to chronic inflammation and joint damage. In addition to providing symptomatic relief, leflunomide can help slow down the progression of joint damage, which is a key therapeutic goal in managing rheumatoid arthritis. While leflunomide may have some off-label uses in other conditions, its primary FDA approval and most significant application remain in the management of rheumatoid arthritis. Other conditions listed, such as psoriasis, gout, and osteoarthritis, are not the main focuses of leflunomide's use or indicated treatment.